The Heavy Metal Biomonitoring Study Using Transplanted Lichen, Pseudevernia furfuracea (L.) Zopf, in Nevşehir, Türkiye
Keywords:
Biomonitoring, Heavy metals, Pseudevernia furfuracea, Nevşehir, TürkiyeAbstract
The goal of this research was to measure the level of air pollution in Nevşehir and to develop an air pollution map of the city utilizing Pseudevernia furfuracea (L.) Zopf as a bioindicator. In July 2002, Lichen specimens were obtained from a clean region in the Yapraklı Mountains, Çankırı, and transplanted to four distinct sites in Nevşehir. Lichen specimens were obtained again three and six months afterwards, respectively. Inductively Coupled Plasma Spectrometry (ICP-OES) was utilized to determine heavy metal amounts (Cd, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn). The Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) technique was applied for calculating the chlorophyll a and b concentrations. According to the findings of P. furfuracea heavy metal analyses, heavy metals contents of exposed stations were found to be in first period in range of 0.26–0.39 μg g−1, 0,014–0,028 μg g−1, 1,52–2,81 μg g−1, 0,25–0,34 μg g−1,0.44–0,60 μg g−1, and 0,15–0,24 μg g−1, in second period in range of 0,37-0,44 μg g−1,0,022-0,027 μg g−1,1,88-2,77 μg g−1 ,0,25-0,32 μg g−1 , 0,47-0,60 μg g−1 and 0,18-0,35 μg g−1 for Cu, Cd, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn. High levels can be attributed to traffic, autumn/winter heating, and industrial operations, particularly in the city center, caused primarily by heating operations and traffic. In accordance with heavy metal analysis outcomes, P. furfuracea performed effectively as a bioindicator and showed the presence of air pollution in Nevşehir.
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